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The East African short rainy season (October-November-December) is one of

the major flood seasons in the East African region. The amount of rainfall during

the short rainy season is closely related to the lives of the people and the

socio-economic development of the area. By using precipitation data and sea

surface temperature data, this study reveals the spatial and temporal variation

patterns of extreme precipitation during the East African short rainy season.

Key findings include significant rainfall variability, with Tanzania experiencing

the highest amounts in December due to the southward shift of the Intertropical

Convergence Zone (ITCZ), while other regions receive less than 100 mm.

Extreme rainfall events (90th percentiles) are evenly distributed, averaging 2 to

10 days annually. Historical data shows maximum seasonal rainfall often peaks

at 15 mm, with frequent occurrences of daily rainfall exceeding 10 mm during

OND. Additionally, a positive correlation (0.48) between OND precipitation

extremes and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) anomalies is statistically significant.

These findings highlight the climatic variability and potential trends in extreme

rainfall events in East Africa, providing valuable insights for regional climate

adaptation strategies.

Flood disasters as Climate change hazards are common in developing countries,

particularly in communities along the river Gambia. Local communities,

for instance, had their local coping strategies that enabled them to stay in

their communities even amid these ordeals, and climate change disaster

threats. This work strives to understand flood impacts and the local peoples’

adaptation or coping strategies along the River Gambia basin.

The study investigated the influence of Tropical cyclone (TCs) to the plant

productivity indices along the coast of Tanzania using both field observations

and change detection methods. These indices are normally designed to maximize

the sensitivity of the vegetation characteristics and are very crucial in

monitoring droughts intensity, yield and biomass amongst others. The study

used three types of satellite imageries including the 16 days Moderate Resolution

Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) of 250 °ø 250 m resolution; 8 days

Landsat 7 enhanced thematic mapper (ETM) with resolution of 30 °ø 30 m

composites, and 5 Landsat 8 (LC8) images, to determine the patterns and the

variability of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced

Vegetation Index (EVI) and TCs impacts on vegetation. Moreover, we

used Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data and the daily to

monthly rainfall data from Tanzanian Meteorological Authority (TMA).

This paper investigates the value of weather and climate information at different time scales for decisionmaking

in the Tanzanian disaster risk reduction sector using nonmonetary approaches. Interviews and surveys were conducted

with institutions responsible for disaster management at national, regional, and district levels.Arange of values were

identified, including 1) making informed decisions for disaster-preparedness-, response-, recovery-, and restoration-related

activities; 2) tailoring of directives and actions based on sectoral impacts; and 3) identification of hot-spot areas for diseases

outbreaks and surplus food production. However, while a number of guidelines, policies, acts, and regulations for disaster

risk reduction exist, it is not clear how well they promote the use of weather and climate information across climate-sensitive

sectors. Nonetheless, we find that well-structured disaster risk reduction coordination across sectors and institutions from

the national to the district level exists, although there is a need for further development of integrated early warning systems

and a common platform to evaluate effectiveness and usefulness of weather warnings and advisories

The study aimed at analyzing the trends and variability of temperature extremes

over the northeastern highlands in Tanzania, specifically over Arusha

and Kilimanjaro regions. Quality controlled mean monthly, daily maximum

and minimum temperature data for the period 1961 to 2020, obtained from

Tanzania Meteorological Authority, were used in the study.

This article assesses the contribution of the Global Framework for Climate Services Adaptation Programme in Africa (GFCS APA) in the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process for Tanzania. Different research project outputs (field survey and workshop reports) produced during the implementation of GFCS APA are reviewed to assess the contribution of GFCS APA programme in the establishment and implementation of NAP process in Tanzania. It is found that the implementation of GFCS-APA programme in Tanzania has improved the availability, accessibility, and applicability of climate information to different stakeholders. This has in turn attributed to significant use of climate information in planning and decision making in target sectors: agriculture and food security, disaster risk reduction, energy, health and water resource management. This has increased the adaptation capacity of vulnerable communities from the impacts of climate variability and change. Furthermore, it is evident that the aims and objectives of establishments of NAP process in Tanzania have been addressed through implementation of GFCS APA Programme. Moreover, since the GFCS APA in Tanzania is implemented within its five pillars namely: observation and monitoring, research, modeling and prediction, climate information systems, user interface platform and capacity development. The achievement made in each pillar contributed in enhancement of resilience of vulnerable communities to climate variability and change hence addressing the aims and objectives of NAP process in Tanzania. Therefore, it is recommended that achievements of

This article assesses the contribution of the Global Framework for Climate

Services Adaptation Programme in Africa (GFCS APA) in the National Adaptation

Plan (NAP) process for Tanzania. Different research project outputs

(field survey and workshop reports) produced during the implementation of

GFCS APA are reviewed to assess the contribution of GFCS APA programme

in the establishment and implementation of NAP process in Tanzania