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Natural and human systems are exposed and vulnerable to climate extremes,

which contributes to the repercussions of climate variability and the probability

of disasters. The impacts of both natural and human-caused climate variability

are reflected in the reported changes in climate extremes. Particularly

at the local community levels in the majority of the regions, there is currently

a dearth of information regarding the distribution, dynamics, and trends of

excessive temperatures among the majority of Tanzanians. Over the years

1982-2022, this study examined trends in Tanzania’s extreme temperature over

the June to August season. Based on the distinction between absolute and percentile

extreme temperatures, a total of eight ETCCDI climate indices were

chosen. Mann-Kendall test was used to assess the presence of trends in extreme

climatic indices and the Sen’s Slope was applied to compute the extent

of the trends in temperature extremes

The marine accidents are among the main components of the Zanzibar Disaster

Management Policy (2011) and the Zanzibar Blue Economy Policy

(2020). These policies aimed to institute legal frame works and procedures for

reducing both the frequency of marine accidents and their associated fatalities.

These fatalities include deaths, permanent disabilities and loss of properties

which may result into increased poverty levels as per the sustainable development

goal one (SDG1) which stipulates on ending the poverty in all its

forms everywhere. Thus, in the way to support these Government efforts, the

influence of climate and weather on marine accidents along Zanzibar and

Pemba Channels was investigated.

The study aimed to investigate the impact of climate change and variability

on pesticide usage for rice production in Zanzibar. Anecdotal information

from interviewer responses, climate datasets from the Tanzania Meteorological

Authority (TMA), rice production records (in tones) and pesticide (in

liters) were acquired from Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Natural

Resource

The marine accidents are among the main components of the Zanzibar Disaster

Management Policy (2011) and the Zanzibar Blue Economy Policy

(2020). These policies aimed to institute legal frame works and procedures for

reducing both the frequency of marine accidents and their associated fatalities.

These fatalities include deaths, permanent disabilities and loss of properties

which may result into increased poverty levels as per the sustainable development

goal one (SDG1) which stipulates on ending the poverty in all its

forms everywhere. Thus, in the way to support these Government efforts, the

influence of climate and weather on marine accidents along Zanzibar and

Pemba Channels was investigated.

The marine accidents are among the main components of the Zanzibar Disaster

Management Policy (2011) and the Zanzibar Blue Economy Policy

(2020). These policies aimed to institute legal frame works and procedures for

reducing both the frequency of marine accidents and their associated fatalities.

These fatalities include deaths, permanent disabilities and loss of properties

which may result into increased poverty levels as per the sustainable development

goal one (SDG1) which stipulates on ending the poverty in all its

forms everywhere. Thus, in the way to support these Government efforts, the

influence of climate and weather on marine accidents along Zanzibar and

Pemba Channels was investigated.

Natural and human systems are exposed and vulnerable to climate extremes,

which contributes to the repercussions of climate variability and the probability

of disasters. The impacts of both natural and human-caused climate variability

are reflected in the reported changes in climate extremes.

Extreme weather and climatic phenomena, such as heatwaves, cold waves,

floods and droughts, are expected to become more common and have a significant

impact on ecosystems, biodiversity, and society. Devastating disasters

are mostly caused by record-breaking extreme events, which are becoming

more frequent throughout the world, including Tanzania.

The marine accidents are among the main components of the Zanzibar Disaster

Management Policy (2011) and the Zanzibar Blue Economy Policy

(2020). These policies aimed to institute legal frame works and procedures for

reducing both the frequency of marine accidents and their associated fatalities.

This review discusses a simple family of models capable of simulating tropical cyclone

life cycles, including intensification, the formation of the axisymmetric version of boundary layer

shocks, and the development of an eyewall. Four models are discussed, all of which are axisymmetric,

f -plane, three-layer models. All four models have the same parameterizations of convective mass

flux and air–sea interaction, but differ in their formulations of the radial and tangential equations

of motion, i.e., they have different dry dynamical cores. The most complete model is the primitive

equation (PE) model, which uses the unapproximated momentum equations for each of the three

layers. The simplest is the gradient balanced (GB) model, which replaces the three radial momentum

equations with gradient balance relations and replaces the boundary layer tangential wind equation

with a diagnostic equation that is essentially a high Rossby number version of the local Ekman

balance. Numerical integrations of the boundary layer equations confirm that the PE model can

produce boundary layer shocks, while the GB model cannot. To better understand these differences

in GB and PE dynamics, we also consider two hybrid balanced models (HB1 and HB2), which differ

from GB only in their treatment of the boundary layer momentum equations. Because their boundary

layer dynamics is more accurate than GB, both HB1 and HB2 can produce results more similar to the

PE model, if they are solved in an appropriate manner.

With the advent of new materials, microchip industry is investigating new

architecture to further scale down the device size. New technologies are on the

way to achieving this goal without compromising with the device’s performance

and benefits. In this new scenario, corona charge deposition technique

(CCDT) has become an indispensable part of the thin film industry. Due to

the non-invasive and non-destructive nature of corona charge ions, they are

effectively being used to improve the device properties

This study aimed at understanding the impacts of the seasonal hydroclimatic

variables on maize yield and developing of statistical crop model for future

maize yield prediction over Tanzania. The food security of the country is

basically determined by availability of maize.

Heavy rainfall is one of the primary causes of flood during rainy season in

Tanzania leading to severe socio-economic impacts. The study aimed at assessing

and characterizing the variability of Heavy Rainfall Events (HREs)

using Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF), Mann-Kendal (MK) trend test,

Correlation and Composite analysis methods. Based on the daily-observed

precipitation and reanalysis data sets for the October to December (OND)

rainfall season of 35 years (1981-2015), the spatial and temporal characteristics

of HREs in Tanzania are studied.

Climate change has a large effect on agriculture sector and, consequently, on the food available for

residents of Hai District and other regions of Tanzania. Based on four decades of climate data, this

study assessed the impacts of climate change and its potential vulnerability on food availability in

Hai District, Kilimanjaro region. The results from this study suggest an association between food

crop production and variation in climate (temperature and rainfall) in Hai District.

A study was conducted to assess the adoption and scaling-up of Conservation Agriculture in Arumeru

district, Arusha region, northern Tanzania and Chamwino and Dodoma Urban districts in

Dodoma region, Central Tanzania.

The strong trends in climate change already evident, the likelihood

of further changes occurring, and the increasing scale of potential

climate impacts give urgency to addressing agricultural adaptation

more coherently. There are many potential adaptation options

available for marginal change of existing agricultural systems,

often variations of existing climate risk management. We show

that implementation of these options is likely to have substantial

benefits under moderate climate change for some cropping systems.

However, there are limits to their effectiveness under more

severe climate changes. Hence, more systemic changes in resource

allocation need to be considered, such as targeted diversification

of production systems and livelihoods.