LIBRARY

Water resources in many regions are increasingly under pressure due to population growth, agricultural expansion, and climate variability, which presents significant challenges in maintaining sustainable water supplies. The Little Ruaha catchment in Tanzania, a critical area for irrigation, water supply, and hydropower projects, is similarly affected by these pressures.

The ambition to develop sustainable and healthy cities requires city-specific policy and practice founded on a multidisciplinary evidence base, including projections of human-induced climate change. A cascade of climate models of increasing complexity and resolution is reviewed, which provides the basis for constructing climate projections—from global climate models with a typical horizontal resolution of a few hundred kilometres, through regional climate models at 12–50 km to convection-permitting models at 1 km resolution that permit the representation of urban induced climates.

Climate change is a global challenge to both sustainable livelihoods and economic development. In Tanzania as in most African countries, farming depends almost entirely on rainfall, a situation that makes agriculture and thus rural liveli- hoods especially in semiarid environments particularly vulnerable to climate change. This study analyses the impacts of climate change and variability on rural livelihoods with particular focus on agricultural production, food security and adaptive capacities in semiarid areas of Tanzania.

Climate change is a global challenge to both sustainable livelihoods and economic development. In Tanzania as in most African countries, farming depends almost entirely on rainfall, a situation that makes agriculture and thus rural liveli- hoods especially in semiarid environments particularly vulnerable to climate change.

Climate change is a global challenge to both sustainable livelihoods and economic development. In Tanzania as in most African countries, farming depends almost entirely on rainfall, a situation that makes agriculture and thus rural liveli- hoods especially in semiarid environments particularly vulnerable to climate change.

This is a Technical Paper of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change prepared in response to a decision of the Panel. The material herein has undergone  expert and government review, but has not been considered by the Panel for possible acceptance or approval.